Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Do you have questions about valuations? We have answers.
Whether you are a startup founder navigating your first 409A valuation, a CFO preparing for an audit, or an attorney seeking a defensible business appraisal, we understand you have questions.
This section addresses the most common inquiries we receive about our valuation services, methodologies, pricing, and turnaround times.
Every report at Transaction Capital LLC is prepared by credentialed professionals (ABV®, ASA, CVA®, MRICS), and we bring that same commitment to clarity right here. If you don't find what you are looking for, get in touch with our team.
About Transaction Capital LLC
What is Transaction Capital LLC?
Transaction Capital LLC (TXN Capital LLC) is a Delaware-registered, independent business valuation firm headquartered in New York City. We provide accurate, defensible, and audit-ready valuation services to startups, growing businesses, investors, CPAs, attorneys, and financial advisors across the United States and internationally. Our team holds globally recognized credentials including ABV®, ASA, CVA®, and MRICS designations.
Where is Transaction Capital LLC located?
Our headquarters is located at 447 Broadway, New York City. We also maintain a decentralized operational presence across major U.S. economic hubs including San Francisco/Silicon Valley, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, Dallas, and Atlanta, allowing us to serve clients nationwide with localized industry expertise.
What industries does Transaction Capital serve?
We have completed over 2,500 valuations across 35+ industries, including technology, healthcare, SaaS, fintech, real estate, energy, media and entertainment, manufacturing, e-commerce, Web3/crypto, professional services, and more. Our broad industry experience ensures accurate benchmarking and comparable analysis regardless of your sector.
What credentials do your valuation professionals hold?
Every valuation report at Transaction Capital is prepared and signed by professionals holding one or more of the following globally recognized designations: Accredited in Business Valuation (ABV®) from AICPA, Accredited Senior Appraiser (ASA) from the American Society of Appraisers, Certified Valuation Analyst (CVA®) from NACVA, and Member of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (MRICS). Our principal valuer also holds GRI Certification for ESG-integrated valuations.
What standards do your reports comply with?
All our valuation reports are prepared in full compliance with the Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP), AICPA Statement on Standards for Valuation Services (SSVS No. 1), NACVA Professional Standards, International Valuation Standards (IVS), and applicable IRS and SEC guidance. This ensures that every report is audit-ready and regulator-compliant.
How is Transaction Capital different from automated valuation platforms?
Unlike SaaS platforms that rely on algorithm-driven "black box" models, every Transaction Capital valuation is prepared, reviewed, and signed by a credentialed human expert. Our "human-in-the-loop" approach ensures that idiosyncratic business risks, complex capital structures, and off-balance-sheet considerations are fully accounted for—producing reports that withstand IRS, SEC, auditor, and legal scrutiny.
409A Valuation Services
What is a 409A valuation?
A 409A valuation determines the fair market value (FMV) of a private company's common stock under Section 409A of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. It is required to set the exercise (strike) price of stock options issued to employees. An independent 409A valuation establishes "Safe Harbor" protection, shifting the burden of proof to the IRS in any dispute over the option of pricing.
Why does my company need a 409A valuation?
If your company issues stock options or any form of deferred compensation, the IRS requires that the strike price be set at or above the fair market value of the underlying common stock. Without a compliant 409A valuation, employees could face a 20% penalty tax plus interest on the value of unvested options, and the company could face additional tax liabilities and reputational damage.
When should I get a 409A valuation?
You should obtain a 409A valuation before issuing your first stock options and update it at least once every 12 months to maintain Safe Harbor protection. You should also obtain an updated valuation after any material event such as a new funding round, a significant change in financial performance, a major new customer or product launch, a merger or acquisition, or any event that could materially change the company's value.
What is "Safe Harbor" and why does it matter?
Safe Harbor is an IRS provision that provides legal protection when a company relies on a 409A valuation performed by a qualified, independent appraiser. If your valuation meets Safe Harbor requirements, the IRS must prove that the valuation was "grossly unreasonable" to challenge it—significantly reducing audit risk for both the company and its employees.
What valuation methodologies do you use for 409A valuations?
We use methodologies appropriate to your company's stage and circumstances, including the Option Pricing Model (OPM) Backsolve Method for venture-backed companies, the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method for revenue-generating businesses, and the Guideline Public Company and Guideline Transaction methods for market-based approaches. Each engagement is tailored to produce the most defensible result.
How long does a 409A valuation take?
Our standard turnaround time is 2–5 business days from the date we receive all required information. For urgent situations, expedited delivery may be available. Contact us to discuss your timeline.
What documents do I need to provide for a 409A valuation?
Typically, we require your company profile or pitch deck, current cap table, historical financial statements (income statement, balance sheet, cash flow statement), financial projections (if available), details of any prior funding rounds (term sheets or investment agreements), and any previous 409A valuation reports. Our team will guide you through the exact requirements during the onboarding process.
Do you provide post-valuation support?
Yes. Post-valuation support for auditors, investors, and IRS-related follow-ups is included at no additional cost. If your auditor or potential acquirer has questions about the methodology or conclusions, our team will respond directly to your behalf.
Business Valuation Services
What is a business valuation?
A business valuation determines the fair market value (FMV) of a company based on its financial performance, assets, liabilities, industry conditions, growth potential, and other relevant factors. Business valuations are used for a wide range of purposes including transactions (M&A, buy/sell agreements), tax compliance, financial reporting, litigation support, estate planning, and strategic decision-making.
What types of business valuations does Transaction Capital offer?
We provide a comprehensive suite of valuation services including 409A valuations, startup valuations, gift and estate tax valuations, ESOP valuations, purchase price allocations (ASC 805), goodwill impairment testing (ASC 350), portfolio valuations (ASC 820), intangible asset valuations, real estate valuations, divorce and litigation valuations, E-2 visa business valuations, Web3/crypto asset valuations, fairness opinions, QSBS attestations, and equity research.
How do I know which type of valuation I need?
The type of valuation depends on your specific purpose. For issuing stock options, you need a 409A valuation. For transferring wealth to family members, you need a gift and estate tax valuation. For an M&A transaction, you may need a purchase price allocation or fairness opinion. We recommend scheduling a free 15-minute consultation with our team so we can understand your situation and recommend the right service.
Can you value pre-revenue or early-stage startups?
Absolutely. We specialize in valuing startups at every stage—from pre-seed and seed to Series A and beyond. For early-stage companies with limited or no revenue, we use methodologies such as the OPM Backsolve method, the Cost-to-Replicate approach, and comparable transaction analysis to arrive at a defensible fair market value.
Specialized Valuation Services
What is a QSBS attestation and how can it benefit me?
A Qualified Small Business Stock (QSBS) attestation under IRC Section 1202 verifies that your company's stock meets the criteria for significant capital gains tax exclusions—potentially up to 100% of gains, capped at the greater of $10 million or 10x the taxpayer's basis. Transaction Capital provides a formal QSBS Attestation Letter based on a forensic review of your company's balance sheet and business activities, giving founders and investors a defensible document for tax planning and fundraising.
What is a gift and estate tax valuation?
A gift and estate tax valuation determines the fair market value of closely held business interests for purposes of IRS gift tax and estate tax reporting. These valuations apply appropriate discounts—such as Discount for Lack of Control (DLOC) and Discount for Lack of Marketability (DLOM)—which can reduce the taxable value of a transferred interest by 20–40%, allowing more wealth to be transferred tax-efficiently.
Why is estate tax planning especially urgent right now?
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) estate tax exemptions are scheduled to sunset, which will effectively halve the current exemption threshold. This creates significant urgency for high-net-worth individuals to transfer assets out of their estates while higher exemption is still in effect. Acting now allows you to take full advantage of the current favorable thresholds.
Do you provide E-2 visa business valuations?
Yes. We provide certified E-2 visa business valuation reports specifically designed for USCIS and U.S. consular officer review. Our reports independently verify that the investment reflects true fair market value, demonstrate the "substantiality" of the investment, and confirm the business is not "marginal"—all critical factors in E-2 visa adjudication. Our valuers hold ASA and MRICS credentials that carry significant weight with immigration authorities.
Can you value cryptocurrency, NFTs, and other digital assets?
Yes. Our Web3 and Crypto Asset Valuation service address the unique challenges of valuing decentralized assets. The IRS treats cryptocurrency as property, requiring USD-denominated valuations for taxable events. We use network-specific methodologies including Network Value to Transactions (NVT) ratios, tokenomics analysis, on-chain activity metrics, and liquidity discounting to produce defensible valuations for tax reporting, fund audits, and regulatory compliance.
Do you offer litigation and divorce valuation support?
Yes. Our credentialed experts (CVA, ASA) provide forensic valuation analysis for shareholder disputes, marital dissolution, partnership dissolutions, and other litigation matters. Our work includes normalizing earnings, distinguishing between enterprise goodwill and personal goodwill, and providing expert testimony or expert reports that are defensible in court.
What is a goodwill impairment test?
Under GAAP (ASC 350), companies carrying goodwill on their balance sheet must test it for impairment at least annually. If the fair value of the reporting unit falls below its carrying amount, the company must write down the goodwill. Transaction Capital performs both qualitative ("Step 0") and quantitative ("Step 1") assessments to determine fair value, providing CFOs with independent protection against auditor challenges.
What is a purchase price allocation (PPA)?
Following a merger or acquisition, GAAP (ASC 805) requires the acquirer to allocate the purchase price to all identifiable assets and liabilities at fair value. This includes identifying and valuing intangible assets such as customer relationships, technology, trademarks, and non-competent agreements. Transaction Capital performs these allocations to ensure accurate financial reporting and minimize future impairment risk.
Do you provide ESOP valuations?
Yes. We provide independent ESOP valuations that meet all regulatory and fiduciary standards required under ERISA. Our reports support plan design, annual compliance, and transactions involving employee stock ownership plans.
What is a fair opinion?
A fairness of opinion is an independent assessment of whether the financial terms of a proposed transaction (such as a merger, acquisition, or related-party deal) are fair from a financial point of view to the shareholders involved. Transaction Capital provides independent fairness of opinions to support boards of directors, special committees, and fiduciaries in meeting their duty-of-care obligations.
Pricing and Payment
How much does a valuation cost?
Our certified valuation services start at $500. Pricing varies based on the type of valuation, the complexity of the engagement, and the company's stage and capital structure. We offer flat, transparent pricing with no hidden fees or billable-hour surprises. Contact us for a customized quote.
What is your "Pay After Draft Review" policy?
We operate on a unique "Pay After Draft Review" model. You receive a complete certified draft valuation report for your review before any payment is required. You can review the analysis, ask questions, and discuss the methodology with our team. Payment is only required after you are fully satisfied with the draft report. This ensures complete transparency and eliminates financial risk for our clients.
What payment methods do you accept?
We accept payment via credit card, bank transfer (ACH/wire), PayPal, and Payoneer. Payment is processed only after you have reviewed and approved the draft report.
Are there any additional fees for post-delivery support?
No. post-valuation support—including responding to auditor inquiries, investor questions, and IRS-related follow-ups—is included at no additional cost with every engagement.
Process and Turnaround
What is the process for getting a valuation from Transaction Capital?
Our process involves three simple steps. First, you share your company's details (company profile, cap table, financials, and funding history) by emailing info@txncapitalllc.com or scheduling a free consultation. Second, within 2–5 business days, you receive a certified draft valuation report for your review—you can ask questions and discuss the methodology before moving forward. Third, once you approve the draft, you make payment and receive the final certified report, which is IRS-defensible, Safe Harbor compliant, and audit-ready.
How quickly can I receive my valuation report?
Our standard turnaround is 2–5 business days from the date we receive all required documentation. Expedited delivery may be available for urgent situations—please contact us to discuss your specific needs.
Can I request revisions for the draft report?
Yes. After receiving your draft report, you have the opportunity to review the analysis, discuss assumptions and methodology with our team, and request adjustments if needed. We want to ensure that you are fully confident in the report before it is finalized.
How do I get started?
You can get started by scheduling a free 15-minute consultation through our website, emailing us at info@txncapitalllc.com, or calling us at +1 (917) 809-4838. Our team will assess your needs, provide a quote, and guide you through the onboarding process.
Compliance and Audit Readiness
Will your reports withstand an IRS audit?
Yes. Our reports are specifically designed to be IRS-defensible. Every valuation is prepared by credentialed professionals (ABV®, ASA, CVA®, MRICS) in accordance with USPAP, AICPA SSVS, and applicable IRS guidance. For 409A valuations, our reports establish Safe Harbor protection, meaning the IRS bears the burden of proving the valuation is "grossly unreasonable" before it can be challenged.
Are your reports accepted by Big 4 auditors?
Yes. Our valuation reports are regularly reviewed and accepted by Big 4 and other major audit firms. Our methodologies, documentation standards, and credentialing meet the rigorous requirements these firms expect of independent valuation providers.
Do you provide expert witnesses or testimony services?
Yes. Our credentialed valuation professionals can serve as expert witnesses in litigation, divorce proceedings, shareholder disputes, and tax court matters. Our experts are experienced in preparing expert reports, depositions, and courtroom testimony.
Is my data secure and confidential?
Absolutely. Transaction Capital is an independent advisory firm. We do not operate a secondary marketplace, and we never monetize, sell, or share your data. All client information is treated with the highest level of confidentiality and handled in accordance with professional and ethical standards.

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